What to Know About mRNA Vaccines

Health Minister Robert F. Kennedy Junior has repeatedly and repeatedly from the integrity of the Merseurated Rena vaccines against Covid-19. Scientists who have funding from the National Institutes of Health have been advised Scrub From any reference to Marana. Throughout the country, the state’s legislative bodies are studying draft laws to prohibit or limit these vaccines, as one describes them Weapons of mass destruction.

While Marna, or Messenger RNA, have received widespread attention in recent years, scientists first discovered in 1961. They were studying them and exploring her promise to prevent infectious diseases and treat cancer and rare diseases since then.

What is flexible?

A large molecule found in all our cells, a bitterness is used to make every protein that directs our DNA our bodies to build. He does this by carrying information from DNA in the nucleus to the mechanism of making protein in the cell. Jeff Koler, a professor of biology in biology and treatments at Johns Hopkins University, said that one flexible molecule can be used to make many copies of protein, but it is natural that it will eventually die.

How do we work for flexible vaccines?

Currently, there are three approved vaccines from the FDA (FDA) available used, two for Covid-19 and one for RSV, or respiratory virus, in older adults. These vaccines consist of flexible threads that are a symbol of specific viral proteins.

Say you get a Covid-19 vaccine. Robert Alexander Weshimam, Director of RNA at the Mass GENERAL BRIGHAM, said. Then the protein factories in the cells take instructions from Merna and the manufacture of protein such as those on the surface of the Covid-19 virus. Your body realizes that the protein is foreign, and climbs an immune response.

Dr. Koler said that most of us will disappear within a few days, but the body maintains a “memory” in the form of antibodies. As with other types of vaccines, immunity fades over time and Kafiros develops into new variables.

Why are our flexible vaccines now used?

In the middle of 2000, scientists at the University of Pennsylvania discovered how to introduce a foreign flexible into human cells without first decomposing. The researchers enabled it to develop for use in vaccines.

Dr. Weselhouh, who established a company that develops RNA, said the main use of such vaccines at the present time is to prevent infectious diseases, such as Covid-19 and RSV. Flexible vaccines can be made very quickly because all ingredients, unlike the RNA sequence, remain the same in different vaccines.

Florian Kramer, a virus at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of ICAN in Mount Sinai, who had previously been consulted by Pfizer and Corvak on medicine treatments, said this feature may be useful for developing the annual influenza vaccine. Scientists usually decide in February or March the influenza virus breeds to be included in a vaccine to be released in the United States in September. But by that time, a different strain may be dominant. Dr. Kramer said that a flexible vaccine can be manufactured more quickly than the current influenza snapshot, scientists can wait until May or June to find out the circulating breeds.

Do these vaccines have risks?

Dr. Boutcher said that a common question asks them is whether a flexible vaccine could affect their DNA. The answer is no. Our cells cannot convert us into the DNA, which means that it cannot be combined into the genome.

Dr. Karmamer said that the Covid-19 vaccine can cause muscle pain and symptoms of fouls, but these expected side effects of the vaccines in general.

“There are no long-term safety signals.” Many parents were concerned about myocarditis, an inflammation of the reported heart muscle as a possible side effect of the vaccine. But Dr. Ratner said that the risk of such inflammation from the actual Covid-19 infection, or long or multi-systems syndrome in children was much larger.

What can us use us?

Vaccines that are currently used for a wide range of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes and rare diseases such as cystic fibrosis, are studied, a genetic condition that leads to an excessive thick, sticky mucus It can connect the airways and damage the lungs.

In cancer, the idea is that the symbols of the tumor protein that the immune system will recognize as a foreigner, and the body is required to attack the tumor. In a genetic disorder such as cystic fibrosis, it symbolizes an edition of the missing protein to replace the wrong and restore mucus into a health condition.

A paper in Nature’s magazine showed earlier this year An experimental flexible vaccine As for pancreatic cancer, an immune response in some patients after undergoing cancer surgery. Patients who suffered from the immune response lived longer without cancer than patients who did not do so.

Another modern paper showed that in monkeys, Inhaling treatment It can produce a protein required to form a cilia, which is my hair structures that line up on our air lines and transport mucus from them. These proteins are a malfunction in the inflatable respiratory disorder called the first crescent movement defect.

This research remains in the early stages: The study of pancreatic cancer, which is the first stage experience, included only 16 patients, and there may be other differences between the two groups that represent different survival times. There is a long history of research that shows that interventions may lead to immune responses without actually changing patients ’results.

Dr. Richard Boucher, a lung disease specialist at North Carolina University in Chapel Hill, indicated that for lung diseases, it is very difficult to obtain molecules that carry flexible safely in the right cells exactly.

In general, Dr. Ratner said that flexible vaccines are “exciting” in that they provide hope in treating the disease as previous techniques failed. But a flexible treatment is still a drug technique like anything else: in some diseases, it is likely to succeed, “and in other cases you may not do it.”