For decades, Nuclear fusion– The reaction that occupies the sun – the final energy dream. If it is harnessed on the ground, it may provide an endless carbon power. But the challenge is huge. Fusion It requires more hot temperatures than the heart of the sun and perfection of plasma – the roasted gas that was stripped of the atoms that have been stripped Electrons Creating, their cocks. It contains this plasma It has been a long time to generate a long -standing energy.
Now, two companies – Jeremani Proxima fusion It is based in Tennessee Write one energy-It takes a big step forward, and publishing the look of the pendant to compete Stars Designs. Two weeks ago, the first type released six technical papers in a special number of Plasma Physics Magazine. Proxima has completely integratedly stars Power plant Concept, called stellaris, in the magazine Footage and design engineering. Both companies say that the papers show that their devices can submit a commercial advertisement Energy integration.
In the heart of both rituals StarsMagical complicated machine used twisted Magnetic fields To hold a fixed plasma. This training, which was dreaming first in the fifties, is a decisive advantage: unlike his most popular cousin, TokamakThe supplier can work continuously, without the need for a strong inner plasma stream. Instead, the stars use external magnetic coils. This design reduces the risk of sudden disorders in the field of plasma that can send high -energy molecules colliding with the walls of the reactor.
The negative side? It is difficult to design the two stars, although simpler in theory, badly design and construction. Modern developments in mathematical energy, High -temperature delivery magnets (HTS)And improved improvement from AI for magnet engineering changes the game, helping researchers to discover patterns that lead to simpler, faster and cheapest designs.
Two visions of fusion with one goal
While both companies are racing towards the same destination – the power of commercial fusion, the Proxima Paper concentration tends to be more towards the engineering integration of its reactor, while the type of gender reveals details about it Plasma physics Design and the main components of its reactor.
Proxima, Spinoff from Germany Max Planck Institute for Plasma PhysicsIt aims to build a 1gawatt star energy station. The HTS magnet design and improving artificial intelligence to generate greater energy per unit more than stars earlier, while significantly reducing the total size. Proxima applied for a patent on an innovative blanket for liquid mineral breeding, which will be used to reproduce Tritium Fuel for fusion interaction, by reaction Neutrons With lithium.
The Stellaris design of the Proxima Fusion is much smaller than the same strength of the same strength.Proxima fusion
“This is the first time Jorrit Lion. The design is based on Wendelstein 7-X StelraratorA project worth 1.4 billion euros ($ 1.5 billion), funded by the German government European UnionWhich have identified the electronic temperature records, plasma density, and the time of energy.
Type One’s Stelrarator’s design includes three main innovations: an improved magnetic field for plasma stability, Advanced manufacturing Technologies, advanced HTS magnets. The factory, which was named The end is two It is designed to generate 350 megawatts of electricity.
Like the Proxima factory, the Infinity Two will use the Titrium fuel for duteerium and build on the lessons learned from W7-X, as well HSX ProjectWhere many of the founders of the species worked as one before forming the company. In partnership with the Tennessee Valley Authority, the first type aims to build an Infinity Two at the TVA’s Bull Run Fossil factory by the mid -thirties.
Why are we the first special integration company with an agreement to develop a Football power Plant with benefit? “Because we have an existing design in reality,” he says. Christopher MoriCEO of one type of energy. “This is not a matter of building a scientific experience. This is related to energy delivery.”
Artificial intelligence indicates an ideal structure for the three -dimensional magnetic field
Both companies relied heavily on artificial intelligence and Great computing To help them put magnetic files to form its magnetic fields accurately. The first type depends on a group of High performance computing Resources, including the advanced U.S. Energy Ministry Exascale The computer border in Oak Ridge National LaboratoryTo run very detailed simulations.
This research has led to one of the most interesting developments buried in these papers: a potential move towards consensus in the star physics community about the structure of the ideal -dimensional magnetic field.
The Proxima team has always adopted a semi-dynamic approach (QI), used in W7-X, which gives priority to combating the deep particles to hold outstanding plasma. On the other hand, the first type, designed its early designs on semi -(QS), inspired by the HSX collection, which aims to simplify the movement of the particles. Now, based on its improvement research, the first type changes the path.
The first type of Type 1 says Chris Higna. “But the surprise was that we were unable to make the almost identical work as we thought we were able to do so. We will continue to conduct studies on almost symmetry, but in the first place it seems that Qi is the option of prominent improvement that we will follow.”
Type One Energy works with the Tennessee Valley Authority to build a commercial star by mid -2010.Write one energy
The road in front of the stars
According to Higna, The Type One partnership with TVA can put the stars Fusion factory on the network by mid -2000. But before the Infinity Two is built, the company plans to verify the health of the main technologies through the Infinity One test platform, which was appointed to build in 2026 and operate by 2029.
Meanwhile, Proxima plans to redesign Stellaris to life by the thirties of the twentieth century, first with an experimental stars, called Alpha. The company claims that Alpha will be the first stars to show clear energy production in a stable condition. It aims to appear for the first time in 2031, after the completion of the 2027 demonstration group of complex magnetic files.
Both companies face a common challenge: financing. The first type 82 million dollars and, According to axiosIt is preparing for more than 200 million dollars in financing the series A, which the company refused to confirm. Proxima got about $ 65 million in public and private capital.
If the last papers succeed in building confidence in the stars, investors may be more willing to finance these ambitious projects. The next contract will determine whether the confidence of both companies in their own designs is justified, and whether the production of integration energy from stars turns from scientific ambition to commercial reality.
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