Are animals smart? From dolphin language to toolmaking crows, lots of species have obvious intelligence

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Are animals smart? Deron

It is a wonderful question that arouses the attention of millions of pets, animal lovers, veterinarians and scientists all over the world: How intelligence is animal?

Scientists once believed that the brain containing billions of neurons was a condition for intelligence. After all, for this reason you are able to think – neurons are the neurons in the brain that binds and Transfer messages to each other.

For registration, the human brain has about 86 billion nerve cells. For comparison, dogs and cats have Less than a billion.

However, the more that increases Sayed scholars Study animal passion and perception – The ability to learn through experiences and thinking – whenever we find that humans are not distinguished at all. Many non -human species can do these things as well.

At the present time, there is no agreement on how to determine whether there is a specific smart animal type. But most scientists who study animals have noticed that many animals are able to solve problems, use tools, mention important information about their environment and get to know themselves in the mirror.

Made and crows

Memory is a sign of intelligence. Of all animals, humans possess A more accurate and developed memory. But elephants can get to know 30 travel comrades simultaneously. They also learn to emigrate away from drought -exposed areas, based on Previous drought memories.

This type of summons – known as the name Cross memory – It is the ability to remember an event, including when and where it happened. Until recently, scientists believed only humans. But now the researchers have learned that some birds, cats, rats, monkeys and dolphins also have.

Animals may not remember every experience – nor people – but they remember the crucial things to stay. For example, know birds Where they stored food. Monkeys know The presence of a predator.

Scientists have previously thought that using a tool was an exclusive human ability, but this is not. Shambanzi use Sticks to pick termites and Stones to break the nuts open. Crawls can even Manufacturing tools. By bending a wire, they can make a hook to recover a food bonus out of hand.

The researchers presented eight captive brown bears With this food challengeThree objects – a large record and a small and square record – have been placed in an external container. The food bonus was suspended above them. Six of the eight bears managed to transfer records and square to places that enabled them to bring the reward. Basically, they used the three objects as tools.

Dolphin, Shampanzi Communication

The language is another measure of intelligence. People, of course, have very sophisticated communication skills. But dolphins It has complex dialects In the form of a porn, the jerk and the bile. Many researchers say Noise is a language. Use chimpanzees and gorillas sign language She expresses feelings and asks things From people.

Self-awareness-the ability to get to know yourself as an individual-refer to intelligence. Children do not recognize themselves in the mirror even they are About a year and a half. Until then, they may think the mirror image they see is another child.

Many other types, including dolphins, crows and elephants, recognize themselves in the mirror. The researchers put a red dye mark on chimpanzees under anesthesia; Once you wake up, chimpanzees saw their reflection in the mirror. Instead of touching the red mark on their reflection on the glass, they are The red brand touched themselvesReferring to self -recognition.

Just because animals cannot do certain things, this does not mean that they are not smart. After all, humans cannot fly like a bird or swim like a fish. There is no need for us to get An incredible feeling of the smell of the dog. We will inhale hundreds of different scents from miles away – the smells of perfumes, pollution, gardens and garbage. From an evolutionary point of view, this will not help us much. In addition, we were getting sick very quickly.

But all animals, including humans, have developed a wide range of capabilities so that they can succeed in the environment in which they live. Simply put, we all use our brains. Now this is smart.

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This article has been republished from ConversationAn independent, non -profit news organization brings you facts and trusted analysis to help you understand our complex world. Written by: Leticia Vanchiand Oklahoma State University

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Likeicia Fancchi does not work with or consult or receive funding from any company or institution that will benefit from this article, and has not revealed any related affiliations that exceed its academic appointment.