How did Andromeda’s dwarf galaxies form? Hubble Telescope finds more questions than answers

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Dozens of dwarf galaxies roaming around the Andromeda galaxy such as bees on the camera were arrested by the Hubble Space Telescope, which took more than a thousand orbits from the ground to take enough pictures to get a complete family image of Andromeda shiny.

The 36 dwarf galaxies vary in their properties, and many confusing galaxies that have not yet been able to have traditional theories. Solutions of these puzzles can reveal a lot about how Andromeda Galaxy – It is the closest spiral Galaxy For us, sit about 2.5 million light-years away-formed and developed.

“We find that there is a lot of diversity that must be explained in the Andromeda satellite system,” said Daniel Fayez of the University of California, Berkeley. “The way things are gathered greatly concerned in understanding the history of this galaxy.”

It is expected that the concept of dwarf galaxies wandering around large galaxies of models of Forming the galaxy Based on the standard model of CosmoplasmismWhich depicts a universe Flowed with what is known as “cold Dark material“In this scenario, galaxies are assembled inside the brown of the dark matter, which draws gravity in small groups of regular material – nicknamed, dousy galaxies – and merged together. This is known as the hierarchical composition.

As such, the dwarf galaxy roaming the larger galaxy, such as Andromeda Galaxy, can tell us a lot about the history of the largest Galaxy formation.

This is new Hubble Space Telescope The image represents half a planned project to study Andromeda dwarves. Within five years, Hubble or James Web telescope for space It will collect more data to produce another image like this; By comparing the two pictures, astronomers will be able to see how dousy galaxies have moved. After that, by retreating, they will be able to return to the time and operate of dwarf galaxies to find out where the worlds came in the first place, billions of years, and to understand how this affected their relationship with Andromeda.

Some of the dwarf Andromeda galaxies are particularly confusing. Dwarf galaxies around milky wayFor example, they either stopped forming stars billions of years ago, or recently began to form them again after entering the field of the influence of our galaxy, as the tidal forces sparked gravity pockets of gas to stimulate the stellar birth.

However, it appears that some dwarfs in Andromeda have never stopped forming stars, and continuing to do this at a slow rate throughout the cosmic history.

“The stars are really later later, which is never expected in these strong galaxies,” Alessandro Savino of the University of California, Berkeley, who led the study to Andromeda satellites in a statement. “This does not appear in the computer simulation. No one knows what it is doing yet.”

One idea comes to the extent of these dwarf galaxies to galaxy parents. Savino said: “It is a clear indication of the discomfort of the growth of the small Galaxy from the effect of a huge galaxy like Andromeda,” Savino said.

Another privacy is how the orbits of some dwarves are arranged, with half of which revolve around the Andromeda galaxy in the same plane, all in the same direction.

Wesz said: “This is strange.” According to the standard model, dousy galaxies must approach the aura of the dark matter – through which a large galaxy grows from all angles – and thus revolves around them on random orbits. In order for galaxies on the same plane and move in the same direction, it appears to be a great coincidence.

“It was actually a complete surprise to find satellites in this composition and we still do not fully understand the reason for their appearance in this way,” Wesz said.

Although the standard model of the formation of the galaxy that involves the dark matter is struggling to clarify the reason for the presence of half of the dwarf satellite galax MondeWho seeks to replace the dark matter by amending the laws of gravity in a low acceleration.

In the Mondo scenario, the Milky Way galaxies and Andromeda galaxies had seen a close meeting of each other about 8 billion years ago. Near Wilkky Way had seen materials cut from our galaxy to settle at the same orborn level around the Andromeda galaxy and form dwarf galaxies there, like satellites that form around the planet. However, another team of astronomers has Previously disputed This, saying that the plane is just a chance. However, new Hubble notes may indicate otherwise.

Therefore, although it is still possible to find a solution in the standard model model, the emphasis on the presence of this plane from satellite galaxies will be considered a great victory in the eyes of Monde theorists.

Either way, notes emphasize the fact that our Milky Way galaxy has witnessed a great different history. Our private galaxy growth studies indicate that it was a fairly calm place with no major integration with medium or large galaxies in the past ten years at least, while Galaxy Andromeda shows signs of great integration with other galaxy in the past few years. This is supported by others Hubble’s recent notes It depicts 100 million stars in Galaxy Andromeda. This merger could have contributed to making the environment around Andromeda more dynamic, as well as Andromeda’s swelling itself (it’s huge like our milky way, and has more satellite galaxies).

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This calls for questioning the wisdom of using our galaxy as a template for other galaxies.

“There is always a tendency to use what we understand in our private galaxy to generally stay to other galaxies in the universe,” Wesz said.

Evidence increases that galaxies can be completely diverse, with different properties and history, and how her family has evolved from satellites can be a sign that something different. “Our work has shown that low -block galaxies in other ecosystems followed different developmental paths from what we know from the Milky Way satellite galaxies,” and Wesz saved.

It seems that in the Galaxy Zoo, black and tigers can vary more violently than we imagined.

The new results were published on January 28 in Astronomical physical magazine.