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(Main) Clarification of a very early stroke. (I wash) The oldest galaxy discovered my mother Z14, as we saw by JWST. | Credit: Robert Lea (created with Canva)/ Naidu et al (2025)
The JwST Telescope excels in a lot of things, but there are two things better than any other scientific tool in human history: discovering early galaxies and breaking their records!
Now, the 10 billion dollar space telescopes in NASA are both two things again, where he discovered a galaxy after only 280 million years The big explosion, The achievement that the team behind this research was called “Cosmic Miracle”.
Currently, as this first and most distant galaxy discovered this “mother from all early galaxies”, this new Jwst Discovery is properly assigned “MOM Z14”.
“First and foremost, at the present time, this is the most common known being for humanity. This title often changes, but I find that it is always a reason for stopping and meditating,” said team member and professor of Yale University for Astronomy and Physics Peter van Docum. “Mom Z14 was present when the universe was about 280 million years old – we were completely approaching the Big Bang.
“Only to put it in the context, sharks were on the ground for a longer period of time!”
Jwst sees red again
Since I started sending data to Earth in the summer of 2022, JWST has been distinguished in the discovery of galaxies in the so -called “high red displacement”.
Red displacement It refers to the phenomenon of wavelength of light from remote sources and thus the early sources extend and turn towards the “red party” from Electromagnetic spectrum It crosses the expanded space.
Early and thus away from the object, the more red displacement.
The Galaxy Jades-G14-0 as the James Web telescope for space sees the most distant and older galaxy ever monitored only 300 million years | Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STCI, B. Robertson (Uc Santa Cruz), B. Johnson (CFA), S. Tacchella (Cambridge), P. Cargile (CFA).
Before the discovery of Mom Z14, the galaxy bearing the title of the oldest and far Jades -gs-Z14-0That was present only 300 million years after the Big Bang, or about 13.5 billion years.
This previous record Galaxy has a red displacement Z = 14.32, while Mom z14 has a red displacement of z = 14.44.
What do we know about or all early galaxies?
There is a broader context of MOM Z14 noting the fact that it has shattered the old Galaxy record known for 20 million years, explained by Van Dokkum.
“The broader story here is that it was not expected that JWST will find any galaxies early The history of the universe“Not at least at this stage, there are more than 100 relatively bright galaxies in the very early universe than expected based on the notes of the JWST.”
Also, in addition to the discovery of this new, closest and far galaxy, the team enables the team to determine some of its properties using JWST.
Mom Z14 as JWST sees it as it was present after only 280 million years of the big explosion. | Credit: Naido and others (2025)
The researchers were able to determine that Mom Z14 is about 50 times younger than milky way. The team also measured emissions from the galaxy, indicating that there are elements such as nitrogen and carbon.
Van Docum said: “Extraordinary emissions, as it indicates that the galaxy is very small, as the rate of formation of new stars is increasing,” said Van Docum. “There are also indications that there is not much neutral hydrogen gas surrounding galaxies, which is surprising: it is expected that the early universe is expected to fill in neutral hydrogen.
“This requires better spectra and more galaxies, to completely investigate.”
Clarify the James Web telescope for space at work. | Credit: NASA
The presence of carbon and nitrogen in Mom Z14 indicates the presence of previous galaxies that are discovered from this example, which is 13.52 billion years old.
This is because the oldest galaxies in the universe and their stars were full of the simplest elements in the universe, hydrogen and helium.
The galaxies will be filled later through these heavier elements, which astronomers call some extent “minerals”, where their stars fled and then dispersed them in Supernova explosions.
Van Docum said: “Mom Z14 is not one of the first organisms that were formed in the universe, as the stars in these galaxies consist of hydrogen and helium only – we will not see carbon or nitrogen,” Van Docum said. “He – she Be able to Be part of the first wave of formation “Ordinary” galaxiesThat is, the first galaxies that have elements such as nitrogen and carbon – but we thought that before! “
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As for finding previous galaxies from Mom Z14, and perhaps even the discovery of this first generation, Van Dokkum is sure that JWST is up to the task.
He explained: “JWST continues to push the border beyond the place we believed is, and at this stage I will not be surprised if we find galaxies in Z = 15 or Z = 16! “
Currently, Van Dokkum and the rest of this team, led by Rohan Naidu of the MIT Kavli Institute for Astronomical Physics and Space Research, can celebrate the dismantling of a new ground in our understanding of the early universe.
“In such a program, the entire team always hopes to get a” miracle “, meaning that some candidates are very early galaxies in reality do not come out and not” Mirabes “, as their colors appear to be very early.” “While we were hoping for some very early things, I don’t think any of us is expected to break the red displacement record!”
A review version before the weights of the team’s research is published on the paper warehouse site Arxiv.
