The researchers will start this month in a high -voltage circuit breaker test that can put down the bow and wipe a mistake with Carbon dioxide is critical liquid. The first device of its kind can replace traditional fractures high -voltage, which uses strong Greenhouse Sulfur Hexafluoride, or SF6. Such equipment is widely scattered all the time Energy networks As a way to stop the flow of electricity in the event of an emergency.
“Sf6 “It is a great insulator, but it is very bad for the environment – and perhaps the worst greenhouse gases you can think of,” he says. Johan InslinDirector of a program at the United States Advanced Research Projects Agency – Taqah)Arpa-e), Which funded the research. SF greenhouse warming capabilities6 It is nearly 25,000 times a height Carbon dioxideNote.
If it succeeds, the invention, which the researchers have developed in Georgia Institute of TechnologyIt can have a major impact on Hematomatic gas emissions. Hundreds of thousands of Circuit breakers Point power networks worldwide, almost all of them High voltage Of it is isolated with sf6.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?High -voltage circuit cutting clips, such as this made by GE Vernova, the current stops by creating a mechanical gap and bow, then a high -pressure gas bombing through the gap. This stops the current by absorbing for free Electrons And put down the bow as insulator The strength of the gas increases.Ji Fernova
Moreover, sf6 Secondary products Poisonous. After the gas is extinguished, it can decompose into materials that can irritate the respiratory system. People working on SF6Isolated equipment must wear full breathing devices and protective clothes. the European Union and California Gradually get rid of the use of SF6 And other floor gases (F fashion) in electrical equipment, and many other organizers follow their example.
In response, researchers are racing worldwide Development of alternatives. Over the past five years, Arpa-e He funded 15 district boycott projects at an early early stage. and Ji Fernova It has developed products for the European market that uses a mixture of gas that includes F gas, but in a small part of the traditional SF concentration6 Breaks.
Re -invention of circuit breakers with ultra -critical Co2
The mission of the circuit circuit scale is to boycott the flow of electrical current when a mistake occurs, such as the error caused by a Lightning He hits. These devices are placed in all sub -stations, Energy generation Plants, Transfer and distribution Networks, industrial facilities in which equipment operates in tens of hundreds of kilos.
Unlike household circuit breakers, which can isolate an error with a small air gap, network cuts need more essential. The most wonderful-Voltage Dependence on a mechanical cutter located in a sf container6And it is Unusual insulation gas. When an error occurs, the circuit device is broken by creating a mechanical gap and arc, then high pressure gas explodes through the gap, absorbs free electrons and puts down the bow while increasing the buffer force of the gas.
In the design of Georgia Tech, the urgent carbon dioxide informs the bow. The liquid is created by mode Co2 Under pressure and very high temperature, turn it into a material between gas and liquid. Because his companies are critical2 It is very thick, it can put out an arch and avoid a new arc ruling by reducing the momentum of electrons – or at least this is the theory.
Under the leadership Lucas GabbarGeorgia Tech President plasma The DieECTRICS Laboratory, the Research Group will operate the 72 kV AC cutters through an artificial test circuit at the University of Wisconsin Milwoke, which begins in late April. They also build a 245 kV version.
Use Critical partners2 Not newBut the circuit breaker design around it is. The challenge was to build the bridge with the components that could withstand the high pressure needed to preserve2Ghobar says.
The team turned into petroleum Industry to find the parts, and found everything except for one: the fuss. This decisive ingredient is a nutrition to carry the current through equipment containers. But the fuss that could stand up to 120 atmosphere of pressure was not present. So Georgia Technology It made its own using minerals filled Epoxy Ratings, copper conductors, steel tubes, and empty lips.
“They had to return to the basics of designing the fuss to make the entire crusher,” says Engin. “This is where they make the biggest contribution, in my eyes.” The built -in design will also allow Georgia Tech to break the suitability of more strict spaces without sacrifice Energy densityHe says.
The replacement of the circuit breakers in this design will require some adjustments, including adding a Heat pump In the vicinity of the Thermal administration From the crushing.
If the tests on the artificial circuit go well, GRABER plans to operate the bridge through a battery of the real world simulations on Kima laboratoriesShalafont, Pennsylvania. the site – Standard Gold Certificate facility.
Georgia Tech built its circuit breaker with parts that can withstand very high pressure of carbon dioxide above the embarrassment.Alfonso Jose Cruz
Ge Vernova Markets SF6-Entrinting Brush
If Georgia Technology Circles in Georgia have reached the market, they will have to compete with GE Vernova, which was starting to develop 20 years of SF.6-Circle cuts are empty. In 2018, the company installed its first SF6Hyper the gas isolated branch in Europe, which included a AC Category is 145 kV This is isolated with a mixture of gas that G.3. It is made up of Co2And oxygen and a small amount of c4and7N, or heptafluoroisobutyronitrile.
This filfed warm gas is not good for the environment either. But it includes less than 5 percent of the gas mixture, so it reduces the warming of warming by up to 99 percent compared to SF6. This makes warming capabilities still much larger than CO2 and MethaneBut it is a beginning.
“One of the reasons why we use this technology is that we can do SF6-Free circle clips that will already be connected on the precise basis of our equivalent SF6 The broken, “says IrwinGE Vernova. He says an alternative sliding “sliding directly to a sub -station.” Workers must wear complete protective equipment when they maintain or repair the device as they do for SF6 Equipment, Irwin says. The company also makes a file A specific type of Cutters called the live tank circuit breakerwithout And he says the ingredient is the ingredient.
All of these methods, including the Georgia Company for Upper Technology2, It depends on the mechanical work to open and close the circle. This takes precious time if an error occurs. This is inspired Many researchers resort to SemiconductorWhich can do the switch much faster, and do not need gas to stop the current.
“With mechanics, it may take up to four or five cycles to wipe the error and this is a lot of energy that you must absorb,” says Engin at Arpa-E. He says that semiconductor can do it in a second or less milliliter. But the commercial development of these solid state circuits is still in the early stages, and focuses on the medium voltage. “It will take some time to connect them to the required high voltage,” says Engin.
The work may be specialized, but the effect may be high. on 1 percent of SF6 leak From electrical equipment. In 2018, translated into that 9,040 tons (8200 tons) from SF6 It emanates from the world, which represents about 1 percent of Global warming The value of that year.
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