How do baby planets grow? Study of 30 stellar nurseries sheds new light

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Babies are young, reckless young, devouring quickly the remaining stars gas and clouds that are formed. The gas disappears in these protoplantis tablets quickly, within just a few million. Astronomers now have a better picture of the planetary development process ever, thanks to a new study.

The research was conducted by an international team of astronomers using ATACAMA Big ML/Submillimter (Alma), as part of a program called the ALMA gas development survey of the Protocolic tablets (AGE-PRO). The work team studied 30 Protopanite tablets Around the sun -like stars, I found that the ingredients of gas and dust in these tablets develop at different rates. The researchers found that the remaining amount of gas is because these tablets are determined by the type of planets produced by these systems.

The new results can help scientists a better understanding of how planetary systems, including Our solar systemIt develops and develops.

In fact, the results of age operations led to the emergence of 12 amazing research sheets by various research teams, indicating the extent of the pioneer in this discovery.

“These studies have revealed:” These studies have revealed how protoplainis tablets develop over time. ” “Unusual results are an essential step towards understanding the initial conditions that lead to the formation of Earth -like planets.”

List the story of the planet formation

The story of the protoplantite tablets begins when cold cold gas collapses under its attractiveness in Molecular clouds between starsStars of birth. These stars, or “the protestar”, continue to collect the issue from the prenatal gas envelope.

In the end, what is left behind is The main sequence star Surrounded by a comfortable cloud of gas and dust – a protoplani disk. Within this disk, clusters of materials that collide together and stick, collecting the mass until it is formed The planet. These planets continue to collect materials from the protoplantine disc, and from this process the planets grow.

It is estimated that protoplantic tablets surround the stars for infants for several million years, and this puts the time when the giant planets are available to form them.

Determines the initial size, the disc, and the speed in which it revolves – its angular momentum – the type of planets that can give birth. The age of the gas in the disk determines the period in which the blocks should be gathered and grow into bodies Asteroids Or planets.

In addition, these factors can also determine whether the planets migrate across the planetary disk during their youth, and move from the places of their children near their star or away from them. Thus, this final form that the planetary disk will take.

Before this new study, the researchers analyzed how dust content of the protoplatum tablets evolved, but the way the gas content changes over time was not well understood.

“AGE-PRO offers measurements of the first gas disk blocks and sizes through the life of the planet’s formation tablets,” researcher KE Zhang, from the University of Wisconsin Madison, He said in a statement.

Using Alma, the team has enlarged 30 protophelian tablets of all ages, ranging from one million years old to more than 5 million years. These tablets were present in the stars areas in the towers OphiuchusLupus and upper part the scorpion.

Alma sensitivity allowed the team to track a specific chemical “tracking” that reveals gas and dust blocks during the vital stages of the development of the protoplantine disk, from the initial composition to its inevitable disintegration after millions of years.

While the first carbon monoxide is one of the most common chemical traces of astronomers, the age group also relied on the Diazinyl molecule. Alma also managed to discover chemical signatures of other molecules such as aldehyde, broken sianojin and methan, thus drawing a more detailed picture of the chemical development of the prototypes more than ever.

“This is the first large -scale chemical survey of its kind, and the tablets target 30 with a wider set of ages to describe gas blocks,” said John Carptter, the co -leader of the research, from the joint Alma Observatory, said at the same statement.

The research hints to the time frames that the giant planets love for the gas Jupiter Saturn was born, compared to those of smaller earthly worlds such as Earth and Mars.

“AGE-PRO reveals that the average average gas disk bloc moves from several Jupiter Jupiter Paula Pinilla, a researcher in the era, of the Mullad Space Science Laboratory at the University of California, said the first ages of less than a million years to less than Jupiter’s mass in the first 1 to 3 million years.

“However, it is surprising that the tablets that live for longer times range from 2 million to 3 million years, maintaining a very similar gas disk mass with between one million to 3 million years.”

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Another surprise was made by the fact that it is with the life of Protoplainis tablets, the gas and dust inside are consumed at different rates. In particular, the gas percentage is subject to “swing” as these smuggled clouds.

“The most surprising result is that although most tablets are dissipated after a few million years, those that survive more than was expected,” said Zhang. “This mainly changes our appreciation for the air accumulation of the planets that were formed later.”

By comparing the ZO notes about the development of gas in the protoplantis tablets of all ages with other studies on the development of gas, the team can start drawing a broader and more detailed image of how the planetary systems develop.

the 12 new sheets It will be published in a number of astronomical magazine.