Anyone who sat through the class of science in the third grade knows that there are three basic cases of the subject: solid, liquid and gas.
Microsoft now says that she has created a new case of the material in its endeavor to make a strong machine, called Quantum computerThe development of everything from batteries to medications to artificial intelligence can accelerate.
On Wednesday, Microsoft scientists said they have built what is known as “Tobit Tobit” based on this new stage of physical existence, which can be harnessed to solve mathematical, scientific and technological problems.
With development, Microsoft raises the risks in the following major technological competition, along with today A race on artificial intelligence. Scientists have repelled the dream of a quantum computer – a machine that can take advantage of the very strange and strong behavior of the atomic without atomic or very cold things – since the 1980s.
Payment heating in December when Google An experimental quantum computer unveiled It only needed five minutes to complete an account that most superolo computers could not finish September 10 – longer than the known universe.
Microsoft technology can jump quantum methods under development in Google. As part of its research, the company built several Qubits Topoghons into a new type of computer chips that combine strengths in semiconductors that operate classic computers with super connections that are usually used to build a quantum computer.
When such a slide is cooled to very low temperatures, it behaves in unusual and powerful ways that Microsoft believes that it will allow it to solve technological and scientific problems that classic machines have never been able. The company said that this technology is not volatile as other quantum techniques, which facilitates the exploitation of its strength.
Some wonder whether Microsoft has achieved this teacher, and many prominent academics said that quantum computers will not be fully achieved for decades. But Microsoft scientists said that their methods would help them reach the finish line soon.
“We consider this something far from years, not decades away,” said Chitan Nayak, a Microsoft technician who led the team that built technology.
Microsoft technology, which was detailed in a research paper published in the magazine of Science Journal Nature on Wednesday, adds a new driving force to a race that could reshape the technological scene. In addition to accelerating progress across many technological and scientific fields, the computer can be strong enough to break the encryption that protects national secrets.
It is to have any developments in geopolitical effects. Even while the United States explores quantum computing primarily through companies such as Microsoft and a wave of Emerging companiesThe Chinese government said it invests $ 15.2 billion in technology. The European Union committed $ 7.2 billion.
The quantum computing, which builds on contracts of research in a type of physics called quantum mechanics, still experimental technology. But after the recent steps by Microsoft, Google and others, scientists trust that this technology will eventually take and promise it.
“The quantum computing is an exciting possibility of physics, and the world,” said Frank Wilkech, a theoretical physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
To understand quantum computing, it helps to learn how the traditional computer works. The smartphone, laptop, or desktop computer depends on small chips made of semiconductors, which are electricity materials in some situations, not all of them. These chips store, add, multiply, multiply, and multiply operations numbers and numbers. They do these accounts by processing “parts” of information. Either bit carry either 1 or 0.
The quantum computer works differently. The quantitative thing, or quit, depends on the strange behavior of the offspring molecules or exotic materials refrigerated to very low temperatures.
When it is either very small or very cold, a single object like two separate signs can behave at the same time. By harnessing this behavior, scientists can build a Qubit carrying a group of 1 and 0. This means that two Qubits can carry four values at one time. As the number of Qubits grows, the quantum computer becomes more powerful.
Companies use a variety of technologies to build these machines. In the United States, most of them, including Google, it builds Qubits using super connections, which are electricity materials without losing the energy it transfers. They create these super connections by cooling the minerals to very low temperatures.
Microsoft has pledged on an approach that only a few others take: combining semiconductors with super connectors. The basic principle – along with the name Sopochology Qubit – was first in 1997 by Alexei Kitaev, a Russian American physicist.
The company started working on this extraordinary project in the early first decade of the twentieth century, when many researchers did not believe that this technology was possible. It is a longer research project than Microsoft.
“This is something that all three executives are betting in this company,” Satia Nadella, CEO of Microsoft, said in an interview. (The former executives of the company were Bill GatesFounder, Steve Palmer, who was running Microsoft in the early first decade of the twentieth century.)
The company has now created a single device that is part of the Andium ereside (a type of semiconductor) and an aluminum part (super lower temperatures). When it is cooled to about 400 degrees less than zero, it offers a kind of other global behavior that may make quantum computers possible.
Philip Kim, a professor of physics at Harvard University, said that the new Microsoft creativity was important because the Tobits can accelerate the development of quantum computers. “If everything succeeds, Microsoft’s research may be revolutionary,” he said.
But Jason Alicia, a theoretical professor at the California Institute of Technology, asked whether the company had already built the Tobit Tobit, saying that the behavior of quantum systems is difficult to prove.
“It is possible that there will be a” Tobit “in principle, and people agree that it is a goal that deserves the trouble.” “You have to check that the device is behaving in all the magic ways in which the theory predicts;
Microsoft said that she had only built eight Topological groups, and that she has not yet been able to make accounts that would change the nature of computing. But the company’s researchers see this a step towards building something more powerful.
Currently, this technology still makes many mistakes that are not really useful, although scientists are developing ways to reduce errors.
Last year, Google Show With the increase in the number of Qubits, it can significantly reduce the number of errors through complex sports techniques.
Many scientists have said that correcting the error will be less complicated and more efficient if Microsoft can mastery of the Tobits Tobits.
While Qubit can maintain multiple values at the same time, it is burdened with an inherent problem. When the researchers try to read the information stored in Qube, it “collapses” and collapses in a classic piece with only one value: A 1 or a 0.
This means that if someone tries to read Qubit, he loses his essential strength. So scientists need to overcome a basic problem: How do you build a computer if it is broken whenever it is used?
Google error correction methods are a way to deal with this problem. Microsoft believes that it can solve the problem faster because the Tobits behavior behaves differently and be less likely to collapse in theory when someone reads the information he stores.
“It makes for Qubit really good,” said Dr. Nayak.
