Scientists use the JWST to study an extremely ancient galaxy piercing through the Cosmic Dark Ages
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Galaxy Jades-GS-Z13-1 was incredibly discovered incredibly 330 million years after the Big Bang, at first with NIRCAM’s deep photography from James Web in NASA (the camera near infrared). Now, an international team of astronomers categorically identified strong hydrogen emissions from this galaxy in an unexpected period in the history of the universe. Jades-GS-Z-13 has a red displacement (Z) from 13, which is an indication of its age and distance. | Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Jades Collaboration, J
Astronomers have discovered a very ancient galaxy that penetrates the dark veil that surrounds the early universe.
Surprisingly, any light from the Galaxy Jades-GS-Z13-1-La has arrived land Absolutely. Photons coming from the world that recently landed on James Web telescope for spaceMirrors were present when the universe was only 330 million years old – and at that stage of adolescence, the universe was foggy and dark. The thick fog of the gas hidden the space between the stars, even between the galaxies, the absorption of the light of the stars and the entire universe in the dark.
Astronomers release this period Cosmic dark agesAnd Jades-GS-Z13-1-La is the first light we have seen (so far) that penetrates this cosmic fog.
Shed light on a great moment of the universe
More than 13.5 billion years ago, the Islamic elite in UV lights caught up in the light of ultraviolet rays-but with this light of billions of light years between its household, the Milky Way (which was moving away from everything, is due to the fact that the universe still extends in the aftermath of large explosions, and everything still escalates from everything.
As a result, the light UV light from the infrared galaxy light has become at the time when they reached milky way.
Infrared is invisible for humans, but they are already visible to sensitive tools on board JWST, such as a camera near infrared, infrared, and an infrared midi tool.
The astronomical physicist at the University of Copenhagen Gores Westock and his colleagues used data from these tools to light in a mysterious period in the past of our distant world: the era of re -adultery. Also known as Cosmic Dawn, this was the moment when the light of the first galaxies began to remove the thick fog that filled the universe – and absorbing ultraviolet light – about 400,000 years after the noise.
Jades-GS-Z13-1-La is directly on the threshold of that decisive moment in the history of our world. It is among the pioneers of re -ionization and one of the oldest galaxies we can already see. This means that physicists can teach about how this process occurs and how the first galaxies have evolved.
“I think one of the most interesting questions about re -ionization is whether we can determine the first moment in which I started throughout the universe,” Westock told Space.com.
From dark cosmic times to cosmic dawn
About 300 million years after the big explosion, the first stars moved from the primitive material cloud in the universe. The nuclear fusion deeply inside these stars came out of the first light of the stars from the universe. At the same time, it was a thick fog of hydrogen gas with a little helium mixed in the universe and absorbs the light of the stars.
The dark cosmic ages were in full swing.
Fog that flows completely while the universe was slowly cooled from the huge heat and the pressure of the big explosion. Initially, all the issue that exploded with The Big Bang He was wandering in the form of a positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons (well, the protons may have begun as its nicknames, which eventually hold them to make protons).
These particles eventually slow enough to arrest each other and form atoms. Together, these atoms are thick fog of hydrogen and helium, no electrical charge appears. This thick and neutral fog absorbs ultraviolet light and behaves like a curtain curtain hanging between galaxies. But UV rays changed the same cloud in this process, which led to the removal of electrons from atoms and giving gas electric charge (or ionized, as physicists say).
The ionized gas, which is also called plasma, absorbs energy differently from neutral gas, so the light of galaxies at that time began to penetrate the veil.
This image shows the Galaxy Jades GS-Z13-1 (the red point in the center), which was filmed with Nircam Nircam (the camera near the infrared) as part of the JWST Advanced Deep EXTRAACACTIC (JADS). | Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Jades Collaboration, J
The light from the Jades-GS-Z13-1-La had created an archaeological plasma bubble around it. By the time when light exceeded beyond the boundaries of that bubble-about 650,000 light years, according to Witstok-its wavelengths had stretched enough so that it was at least possible some of the clouds between galaxies.
The astronomical physicist at the University of Melbourne Michel Trent, which did not participate in the study, tells Space.com that it is interested in how the plasma bubbles grow and interfere over time during the era of re -ionization, until the entire irritation is ultimately – and transparency.
Huge stars or super black hole?
Witstok and his colleagues noticed that the light from Jades-GS-Z13-1-La looked more Bluer than they expected (this means that more of them came from the end of the shorter wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum). The galaxy also gives an amazing amount of light called lyman-α. This lyman-α radiation occurs when neutral hydrogen gets an explosion of UV rays, which provokes an electronic. With the stability of the electron to decline, it leaves that energy as lyman-α.
A lot of lyman-α in the galaxy spectrum indicates the bombing of the surrounding hydrogen with a lot of UV rays.
“These two facts are gathered that make the galaxy unique (and therefore a surprise),” says Trint. [they’re] It contradicts expectations from the typical galaxies that we see at the end of re -adultery [around 0.8 billion to 1 billion years after the Big Bang]”
An active Galaxy glow explanation requires a surprising thing that sudden The superior black hole In its center, which is actively captured by the gas.
If we see light from billions of stars in the galaxy, these stars should be huge and hot: about 15 times more hot than the sun, and more than a hundred times more large.
Clarify the James Web telescope for space. | Credit: Northrup Grumman
On the other hand, if we see the light from a super -high -feeding black hole, it must be more large than those in the heart of the Milky Way, which includes a mass of about 4 million suns. For most models, how galaxies (super black holes in their centers formed), this is a horrific idea: very early in the history of our world, no super black hole had to grow time to grow this huge size.
“There are some theoretical models where this is expected, so if this is the case, it may have very important effects on such theories to form an early black hole,” says Westock.
As for Trenti, this is one of the most interesting questions about the re -ionization era: “What are the radiation sources that contribute to re -decline? Is the process driven by regular stars, strange stars or black holes?”
You can tell us something about the extent of the formation of early galaxies and developed into that such as the Milky Way and its modern neighbors.
The cosmic ambiguity remains – now
But Westock and his colleagues still have enough information to solve this appointed puzzle.
“This discovery begins to shed light on some light when the reintegration begins, but it is just a preview that causes curiosity, it is difficult to do a science with a sample of only one object,” said Trint.
Witstok agrees, but he is optimistic about finding more galaxies from the doorstep of the era of redemption – and until now, JWST has paid the limits of the range in which astronomers could see at the time.
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– Did the James Web telescope discover a great “missing” black hole? (video)
– Is our world trapped in a black hole? Telescope may be discovered for James Webb space
“I am sure in the coming years, we will find examples of remote galaxies with similar characteristics,” Westock said. “The following steps include investigation into this galaxy in more detail, with already new and table new notes taken in the near future, but also find more examples of galaxies with very bright Lyman-α radiation.”
If astronomers can get more detailed, light -light measurements coming from the galaxy, they may be able to measure the amount of helium, oxygen and carbon in the production of light. This will allow them to compare JWST measurements with computer models for the physics concerned and know any explanation that matches the data better.
The study was published on March 26 In the Journal of Nature.
