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Astronomers who use the James Web telescope spy for space The superior black hole In the middle of the Milky Way jar. The ongoing and fast screen includes the fast launch short seconds, longer and bright, on a daily basis.
The longest and most detailed Webb notes were distinguished by the researchers to achieve about the central black hole in Milky Way, called Sagittarius A*, based on previous evidence of its very active activity.
While black holes are invisible, flares that the dizziness disc for hot gas and dust, or the accumulation disk, which revolves around the Sagittarius A* is similar to fiery splendor. A study describing the results was published on Tuesday in Astronomical physical magazine messages.
Astronomers believe that torches come from the inner edge of the accumulated disk outside the horizon of the black hole event, or the area surrounding the black hole where the gravitational clouds are so strong that light cannot escape, according to what he said Nassa.
“In our data, we have seen constantly changing the brightness of bubbles,” said the main study author at Winberg College of Arts and Sciences. “Then Boom! A large explosion of brightness appeared suddenly. Then he calmed down again. We could not find a pattern in this activity. It seems random. The file of this black hole activity was new and exciting every time we looked at it.”
Notes can highlight how black holes and the methods they feed on their surroundings are behaved.
Watch heavenly fireworks
The strong and attractive effect of black holes pulls gas and dust from any celestial body wandering. Gas and dust rotate together at high speeds, which forms the accumulated tablet that nourishes the black hole. The rapid movement of the material causes its heating, the release of energy in the form of radiation as well as planes of materials that do not make it in the black hole.
Radiation and aircraft can change the way in which gas is distributed throughout galaxies and feeding the formation of stars, which is why super black holes are considered giant engines in galaxy centers.
Notice Yusef-Zadeh and its colleagues the Sagittarius A*, which is also called SGR A*, for 48 hours over one year in eight to 10 hours, using the Webb camera near the infrared to track the activity of the black hole. The team spying from five to six big torches a day in addition to the light flashes between them.
Youssef Zadeh said: “The torches are expected to happen in all super black holes, but our black hole is unique.” “It is always collapsing with the activity and it seems that it never reaches a stable condition. We have noticed the black hole several times throughout 2023 and 2024, and we noticed changes in every note. We have seen something different at a time, which is really wonderful..“
Youssef Zadeh said that the variation of the activity of the black hole due to the random nature of the substance flowing into the accumulation disk.
The team believes that the short lights of light are created by simple and turbulent fluctuations within the accumulated disk that can press the active hot gas called plasma and cause radiation flash.
“It is similar to how the sun’s magnetic field collects together, presses, then explodes Solar energy havenJoseph Zadeh said in a statement. “Of course, the processes are more dramatic because the environment surrounding the black hole is more active and extreme.”
Meanwhile, longer and larger flares may occur due to the magnetic reconnection events, or when two different fields collide near the black hole and launch active particles moving near the speed of light.
“The event of magnetic reinstitation is similar to the spark of fixed electricity, which, to some extent, is also” electrical re -connection, “said Youssef Ziada.
“Rainbow” of the activity
Webb’s capabilities enabled the team to monitor the burning of the black hole across different wavelengths of light simultaneously.
“It was like) seeing the world in colors versus black and white, and (we found) rainbows,” said Yusif Zadeh. “This tells you about the nature of the burning activity, the physical characteristics of the radiation mechanism, the magnetic field and the intensity of torches directly.”
Tuwan, assistant professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and Deputy Director of the Center for Galaxy Center at the University of California in Los Angeles, said that the notes provide a deeper view of how the activity of the black hole in brightness different over time.
Do not participated in this study but led to research on Sagittarius A* in the past, including when the black hole was shown Unusual activity in 2019.
“SGR A* got almost half in the new data as seen in 2019, so I think 2019 is still unusually active for the black hole,” Du said. “The black hole and its environment (always changing) although we are never sure of what we will block! This is what makes the galaxy center notes very exciting, although we have identified in this spot in the sky for decades now.”
When another authors noticed the study of the different wavelengths of light from the black hole simultaneously, they realized that the shorter wavelength had changed in brightness before the longer wavelength. The note suggested that when molecules revolve around the magnetic field lines, they lose energy more quickly.
Changes in brightness have been observed in Previous research And modern supplementary data from Infrared Midr -Radi tool on a web telescope And other betting.
“I think the next big step is to try to deliver these different data sources together to form a complete image of environmental physics about the super black hole,” said Du.
Mark Morris, a distinguished research professor at the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of California, Los Angeles, said the new study also confirms that the black hole has “contrast without stopping”, as previously noted. Morris did not participate in the new study.
“In a few hundred years, there was at least one case, and perhaps two cases of enormous glow,” Morris said by email. Anything we saw in the last quarter of the last century we were studying closely SGR A*.
What has caused these torches? Morris said that astronomers still do not know, but the black hole can adhere to a planet a few hundred years ago.
When you release the sun Solar stormsScientists worry because this activity can affect the GPS system (GPS), communications and the power network on Earth. But in 25,000 light years, the active and very variable activity in the central black hole in the Milky Way is not a concern, Morris said.
However, the Webb telescope notes allow researchers to understand the type of “storms” that are created when the material is compressed and heated while drawing towards the black hole.
Morris said: “Besides the pure interest in the most dazzling fireworks that the universe can produce, these fireworks can have a profound impact on the development of the galaxies in which they are,” Morris said. “They can provoke or hinder the formation of stars on large ranges, and they can remove gas and remove galaxies, which makes them unable to form stars.”
Longer look
The authors of the study do not believe that the black hole was suffering from an unusual height in the activity, but they wanted to monitor the Sagittarius A* for 24 hours without interruption to confirm.
“We can also see whether these torches show a patrol (or repeat themselves) or whether they are really randomly,” said Yusif to increase.
Astronomers still do not know how quickly the spinning in the Sagittarius A* is because it flies, but the longest notes can provide the data needed to find the answer.
Ultimately, more data from the Webb notes of Sagittarius A* astronomers can help simulate how accumulated tablets around black holes, as well as compare the behaviors of the less active black holes with their existence more active.
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