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A selection of external planets that revolve in the area suitable for their stars – where water can sit in the form of a liquid on the surface. From the left: Kepler-22B, Kepler-69C, Kepler-452B, Kepler-62f, Kepler-186F and Earth. | Credit
While astronomers delve into the diversity of the worlds that revolve around the distant stars, a new study indicates the comparison of the population of young external planets with the older players that can reveal vital evidence about how the planets form and develop and change over time.
This approach can ultimately provide answers to some of the topics that have been strongly discussed, such as the presence of the “Neptune Hot Desert”, which indicates a strange scarcity Neptune-Planets of size in close orbits around their stars, and “Wadi Raire its in diameter”, which is a distinctive gap between the planets with about 1.5 and 2 times landRimit its diameter.
Watching the young external planets provides a unique opportunity to study the planets in their primitive state, before they undergo the broad weather and development changes that were seen in the older population-and thanks to the emergence of transit paths with high fields, such as those created with NASA Kepler and Ties Missions, such notes can be collected.
These tasks allow astronomers to study External planets These are millions, and even billions, from light years away remarkable details by measuring small drops in the light of the stars that occur with planets dates in front of their stars, from our point of view in the universe. By monitoring these declines, astronomers can conclude the existence of the planet, its size and the length of its orbit.
Our ability to discover and monitor small planets is often limited to the calm of the host star “quiet”, Galin Bergstin, PhD. A candidate at the University of Arizona, Space.com said. “We need to discover hidden signals that can be lost in noise. Young young stars spin the young stars, and young stars tend to be very noisy, making extracting their small planet signals more difficult.”
Our analysis focuses on short orbit planets [12 days]Rachel Fernandez, post -PhD researcher at Pennsylvania State University, told Space.com.
“But 12 days are a small slice of space,” she confirmed. “To really understand how the planets develop, we need to study both nearby and developed planets in different stages in their lives. This can help us know how quickly the planets migrate inward and the speed of losing their atmosphere-two big questions we still have clear answers.”
The team divided the monitoring topics into two age groups: the small planets (10 million-100 million years) and the middle planets (100 million years to 1 billion years). Then compare the rates of these planets using NASA data from NASA, or via the satellite to wipe out, and the younger population and from Kepler to the oldest population. In short, scientists have found a greater occurrence of small planets.
“The fact that we see a higher occurrence of small planets compared to old planets tells us that the planets may shrink,” said Bergstin: “In the early stages of the formation and development of the planet, we believe that the small planets were really common. But they cool and lose their atmosphere over time, which makes them shrink to smaller sizes that we do not fit with most studies.”
This is because these planets are closely revolving in their stars, and the resulting radiation that comes out of their atmosphere. “This makes them shrink over time, and explains why we see fewer large sub-concessions around the older stars-many of them simply lost a lot of their atmosphere to stay the same size,” said Fernandez.
These results help shed light on the duration that planets take to calm and lose their atmosphere by tracking how their numbers change over time. “We have found the largest decrease in occurrence for a longer period [hundreds of millions of years] “Tables, which may help distinguish between different theories, how to cool the planets and lose their atmosphere,” said Bergstin.
The team also predicts that a phenomenon called tidal deportation may play a role in shaping the rate of short planets. This is the process that the planets gradually approach their star due to the drawing of gravity from the star. This leads to the planet’s loss of energy and whirlpool inward over time, which often leads to planets into much shorter orbits.
“Understanding the deportation of the tidal is important because it helps in clarifying how and why some planets end with such short orbits and what is happening to them while they move inward,” Fernandez stated.
Future tasks will provide more detailed data, providing better notes for planets beyond their stars and smaller planets. The study of high -precision stars over longer periods can improve our ability to discover and describe the small planets that revolve around those stars.
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“All we know about the planets comes from less than 6000 we have discovered so far,” said Fernandez. “But in the next few decades, you will find missions from NASA and ESA – like Romanian, Plato and Jaya – dozens to hundreds of other thousands. This will help us to collect the full image of the planet’s formation, development and the development of our solar energy system in a context.
“With a lot of new data on the horizon, the next few decades will be incredibly exciting for external planets research.”
It was a team study Published On March 17 in the astronomical magazine.
