Nobel Prize winner Enrico Ferme, his student, Richard Jarwin, called “the only real genius that I have ever met.” Garwin, who died at the age of 97, may be the most influential scientists in the twentieth century that you have not heard before, because he produced many of his work under the restrictions of national or commercial secrecy. During 40 years of work in IBM In an endless stream of research projects, he got 47 patents, in various fields including MRI, high -speed lasers and touch screen screens. Garwin, a Polima, who was a consultant for six American presidents, has written papers on space weapons, epidemics, radioactive waste, catastrophic risks and nuclear disarmament.
Most of that time, he remained a greater secret: in 1951, 23, designed the first hydrogen bomb in the world.
Ten years ago, Fermi had an insightful look that the explosion of the atomic bomb would create unusually high pressure and temperatures like those in the heart of the sun. This will be sufficiently hot to ignite hydrogen atoms, which is the dynamic engine that releases solar energy, with the possibility of making an unlimited power explosion. This is known as the thermal nuclear explosion, which reflects the high temperature, unlike the atomic bomb that begins at room temperature.
The atomic bomb bombing in 1945 gave evidence of the first part of this concept, but in secret lectures at the Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico in that summer, Fermi admitted that although the explosive atomic bomb could serve as a spark that ignites hydrogen fuel, he did not find a way to maintain material deception.
In 1949, the Soviet Union exploded the first atomic bomb, and within months, President Harry Truman announced that the United States would develop “the so -called hydrogen or the wonderful bomb.” In the same year, Garwin graduated from the University of Chicago with a PhD in Physics and became a coach in the Department of Physics. Fermi invited him to join Los Alamos as a summer consultant, to help achieve Truman’s goal.
In early 1951 Edward Tiller Stanislav Awam did the theoretical achievement: a bomb consisting of two physical separate parts in a cylindrical cover. It was one of the components of an atom bomb, including the explosion of both atomic debris and electromagnetic radiation.
Radiation will move at light speed and step inside the rays that pressure the second component that contains hydrogen fuel. The effect of the debris later will complete the ignition. This one attack on hydrogen fuel was the theoretical idea that Tiller asked Jarwin to develop.
Jarwin turned his approximate idea into a detailed design that remains secret today. The device, named Ivy Mike, was assembled on ENEWATAK ATOLL to the Marshall Islands in the South Pacific. Weighing 80 tons and three floors, it looked like an industrial site more than a bomb. It was not possible to take it to a plane, but it is only designed to prove this concept.
On November 1, 1952, the explosion, which was 700 times the most powerful of the atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima or Nagazakai, was immediately eradicated by Elugelaab from the face of the Earth and evaporated 80 meters of coral. In their place, the hole was one mile, when the Pacific Ocean waters. The mushroom cloud reached 80,000 feet in two minutes and continued to rise until it was four times higher than Mount Everest, and extends 60 miles. The nucleus was 30 times hotter than the heart of the sun, width of a 3 -mile fire ball.
The sky shines like a red oven. For several minutes, many observers were afraid that the test would be out of control and that the whole atmosphere would be ignited.
None of the news reports mentioned the name of Jarwin; He was scientifically unknown, a member of the beginners faculty at the University of Chicago. A month later, he joined the International Business Machinery Foundation, IBM, in Yurton Heights, New York. This position included a date of faculty in Colombia, which gave him great freedom to follow his research interests and continue as a government consultant in Los Alamos, and increasingly in Washington.
He was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the eldest son of Yuna (Ni Schwartz), a legal secretary, and Robert Jarwin, electronics teacher at a high school high school day and a message at a cinema at night, was a huge dick; By the age of five, it was suitable for family devices.
After attending public schools in Cleveland, in 1944, he entered the University of Kis Western Reserve. In 1947, he graduated with a Bachelor’s degree in physics and married Louis Levy. The couple moved to Chicago, where Jarwin was taught by Fermi. He obtained a master’s degree in 1948 and a doctorate, 21, in 1949. In PhD exams, he recorded the highest signs that were ever registered at the university.
In addition to its IBM applies research, it has worked for decades on ways to monitor gravitational waves, ripples while Albert Einstein predicted. He noticed his reveals successfully in 2015. This has opened a new window to the universe, in revealing the dynamics of black holes.
Throughout his career, he continued to advise the American government on national defense issues. This included defining the priorities of the goals in the Soviet Union, the war that involves nuclear armed submarines, and satellite reconnaissance and communications systems. One of the strong supporters to reduce nuclear nuclearies, the US President advised Jimmy Carter During negotiations with the Soviet President Leonid Prinv In the 1979 strategic weapons treaty, it was believed that the United States should maintain a strategic balance of nuclear power with the Soviet Union and opposition policies that could disturb: “Moscow is more interested in the direct Russians than the dead Americans.”
After his retirement from the University of Chicago in 1993, he presided over the advisory council to combat weapons in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and not to spread until 2001. In 2002 he received the National Science Medal, the highest scientific award in the United States, and in 2016, the presidential medal for freedom, the highest civil prize in the country. In presenting the award, Barack Obama noted that Garpoin “has never fulfilled a problem he did not want to solve.”
Lewis died in 2018. Garpoin survived by two sons, daughter, five grandchildren and grandson.
