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Explanation of the protons that collide, which creates a shower of elements molecules, including the upper quark. | Credit: Robert Lea (created with Kanfa)
Is there a time from the day or night in which the primary gravity in nature stops to obey Einstein’s bases? The answer to this question, as it seems strange, can tell scientists about something very important to the laws of physics that govern the universe.
In a unique experience, I was conducted in the strongest speed of particles in the world, Hadron Al -Kabir Corporation (LHC), scientists have tried to discover whether the heaviest partial in the universe – a particle that does not consist of other smaller particles – always obeys Einstein’s theory of 1905. Special relativity.
More specifically, the team that occupies LHC’s The built -in spiral file Moon (CMS) wanted to know if one of the rules for which the special relativity is built, which is called “Lorentz Synsmetry”, always sticking to it Alawite quarks.
Lorentz symmetry It states that the laws of physics should be the same for all observers who are not accelerating. This means that the results of the experiment should be independent of the direction of the experiment, or the speed it works with.
However, some theories indicate that in very high energies, special relativity fails as a result of Lorentz’s violation or lorentz.
Therefore, the laws of physics for observers can differ in different reference frames. This means that experimental observations will depend on the direction of experiment in space (the quadruple monotheism and time). This would lead to a shaking in many of our best theories of the universe, including Standard From particle physics, which was founded on special relativity.
“The remains of this similar division in Lorentz can be observed in the lower energies, as in LHC energies, but despite previous efforts, they were not found in LHC Or other elevators, “CMS cooperation He wrote in a statement.
The CMS team has started searching for such a correspondence residue in Lorentz using pairs of the heaviest primary particles in nature, the upper quark.
Quark around the clock!
Quarks They are molecules in The standard model of particle physics That connects together and consists of particles such as Protons and Neutrons.
There are six “flavors” of Quark with the masses increase: up, bottom (found in protons and neutrons), magic, strange, higher, and bottom. This is the heaviest of this is the upper quark, which has the same mass as the gold atom (about 173 GB Electronings).
The graph shows the standard model of particle physics. | Credit: Cush/Wikimedia
CMS researchers caused that if the collision between the protons accelerates to almost-Light speed In LHC it depends on the direction, then the rate in which the upper spouses that such events should differ different with over time.
This is because, as land It rotates, the direction of the proton beams resulting from the collision of the particles in the changes of strong particles. Thus, the direction of the upper quarks that such collisions has also changed.
Violently, this means that the number of quarks created should depend on the time of the day when collisions occur!
A picture to reveal CMS in Cern’s Large Hadron Collider | Credit: Seren
Thus, if there is a preferred trend in space time and the signs of Lorentz proliferation, then there should be a deviation from a fixed rate of LHC’s upper kuark husband’s production that depends on the time of the day when the experiment takes place!
Using data from Run 2 from LHCWhich took place between 2015 and 2018, CMS cooperation did not find any deviation.
This means that they did not find any sign of breaking the correspondence of Lorentz, and therefore there is no evidence that the higher quarks challenge Einstein regardless of the way the proton symptoms are directed (or at any time of today’s clashes).
Therefore, Einstein’s relative theory is safe around the clock. Well, now, at least.
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Promotion LHC third and stronger LHC The operation started in 2022 and is scheduled to end next year. The team will search for Lorentz harmony in high -power proton collision.
“The results are paving the way to search for future searches for breaking the correspondence in Lorentz based on the data of the first stage of the third round of LHC,” CMS collaborating wrote. “They also open the door to auditing operations that involve other heavy particles that can only be investigated in LHC, like Higz Buson and W and Z Bosson.
The team’s research was published at the end of 2024 in the magazine Physics messages b.
